Extended definition
Since 2021, Google uses the mobile version of the page as primary for indexing. If your site isn't responsive, you have a big problem.
Context and application
Mobile-first indexing doesn’t mean “mobile-only” — Google still crawls desktop, but prioritizes the mobile version for indexing and ranking decisions. Common mistakes: content that appears only on desktop (hidden on mobile with display: none), structured data missing on mobile, internal links differing between mobile/desktop. Correct tactic: same content, same link structure, only adapted layout. Verification in Google Search Console “URL Inspection” → shows what mobile vs desktop crawler saw.