Extended definition
Text file submitted to Google via Search Console telling it to ignore certain backlinks (toxic). Used as a last resort.
Context and application
Disavow tool was launched in 2012, when Penguin brutally penalized manipulative backlinks. In 2026, it’s relevant only for: manual penalty notified in GSC, recovery after documented negative SEO attack, or backlinks history cleanup after acquiring a domain with dirty history. For normal sites, you DON’T do disavow preventively. File format: simple text with one URL or domain per line, prefix domain: to exclude entire domain. Upload in GSC → Disavow Links Tool. Processing: 4-6 weeks.